VERBAL
PRACTICE III
THE DATES
USA: March
fourteenth (March 14th)
UK: The
sixth of September (The 6th of September)
UK: The
twenty-second of April (the 22nd of April)
USA:
February seventeenth (February 17th)
UK: The
seventeenth of February
UK:
the second of November (The 2nd of November)
USA: May
tenth (May 10th)
UK:
The twenty-eighth of July (The 28th of July)
USA:
January thirteenth (January 13th)
USA:
October thirtieth (October 30th)
UK:
The nineteenth of August (The 19th of August)
USA: June
fourth (June 4th)
UK:
The twentieth of December (The 20th of December)
TO
BE + ON + DATE or WEEKLY DAYS.
Is Christmas
day on the 4th of July?
Is it on
the twelfth (12th) of February?
It’s on
the twenty-fifth (25th) of December
Is New
Year’s Day on the second (2nd) of February?
Is it on
the thirtieth (30th) of September?
It’s
on the first (1st) of January.
Is Three
Kings’ Day on the twenty-fifth (25th) of December?
Is it on
the (5th) fifth of August?
It’s
on the sixth (6th) of January.
Is El Pilar on the tenth (10th) of June?
Is it on
the fifth (5th) of November?
It’s on
the twelfth (12th) of October.
Is
Constitution day on the eighteenth (18th) of May?
Is it on
twentieth (20th) of April?
It’s on
the sixth (6th) of December.
When is
the party?
It’s on
Friday night or it’s on the fifth (5th) of October.
TO BE + IN
+ MONTHS or YEARS
When is
your birthday?
It’s in
September
When is
the Olympic?
It’s in
2008
When is
Thanksgiving?
It’s in
winter.
Is
Christmas in November?
It’s
in December.
Is
Father’s Day in May?
It’s
in March
Is
Mather’s Day en January?
It’s in
May.
Is
All-Saint’s Day in March?
It’s
in November.
Is
Worker’s Day in August?
It’s in
May
THE TIME
It’s one o’clock.
It’s 1.
It’s five past one.
It’s 1:05
It’s a quarter past
one. It’s 1:15
Is it three o’clock?
What time is it? It’s one o’clock.
Is it nine o’clock?
What time is it? It’s two o’clock
It’s half past two.
It’s 2:30
It’s half past three.
It’s 3:30
It’s 10:30. It’s half
past ten.
It’s 8:25. It’s
twenty-five past eight.
It’s quarter to
twelve. It’s 11:45
It’s quarter to one. It’s 12:45
It’s 5:25. It’s twenty-five past five.
It’s 9:10. It’s ten past nine.
It’s 8:50. It’s ten to nine.
It’s five past seven.
It’s 7:05
It’s quarter past
four. It’s 4:15
It’s 9:20. It’s twenty past nine.
It’s twenty-five to
twelve. It’s 11:35
It’s quarter past
seven. It’s 7:15
It’s 8:45. It’s quarter to nine.
It’s ten past five. It’s
5:10.
It’s three o’clock. It’s 3:00.
It’s quarter to two. It’s 1:45.
It’s seven, minutes
to eight. It’s 7:53.
It’s two, minutes
past ten. It’s 10:02.
It’s twenty to four. It’s 3:40.
It’s half past one. It’s 1:30.
It’s five to three. It’s 2:55.
It’s quarter past
eleven. It’s 11:15.
It’s ten to five. It’s 4:55.
It’s five to ten. It’s 9:55.
It’s twenty-five to
seven. It’s 6:35.
It’s three, minutes
to six. It’s 5:57.
It’s eight o’clock. It’s 8.
THE TIME
II
It’s 10:10. It’s ten
past ten.
It’s 3:17. It’s
seventeen, minutes past three
It’s 8:40. It’s
twenty to nine.
It’s 11:55. It’s five to twelve.
It’s 9:05. It’s five past nine.
It’s 2:15. It’s quarter past two or it’s a quarter past two.
It’s 10:30. It’s half past ten.
It’s 10:10. It’s ten past ten.
It’s 7:19. It’s nineteen, minutes past seven.
It’s one on the dot. It’s one o’clock.
It’s 6:25. It’s twenty-five past six.
It’s 5:50. It’s ten to six.
It’s 12:20. It’s twenty past twelve.
THE YEARS
The Battle of
Hastings took place in 1066 ten sixty-six.
The Battle of
Trafalgar took place in 1805 eighteen “o” five.
The Second World War
ended in 1945 nineteen forty-five.
The Battle of
Waterloo took place in 1815.
Mozart was born in
1756 seventeen fifty-six.
The French revolution
started 1789 seventeen eighty-nine.
THE YEARS
1998 Nineteen
ninety-eight
1999 Nineteen
ninety-nine
1776 Seventeen
seventy-six
1905 Nineteen “o”
five
1405 Fourteen “o”
five
1406 Fourteen “o” six
1941 Nineteen
forty-one
1700 Seventeen
hundred
1808 Eighteen “o”
eight.
2001 Two thousand and
one
2002 Two thousand and
two
1489 Fourteen
eighty-nine
1912 Nineteen twelve
1984 Nineteen
eighty-four
2005 Two thousand and
five
SINCE
VS.
FOR
PRESENT
SIMPLE becomes PRESENT PERFECT
I’ve worked in this
company for three years. Trabajo en esta empresa desde hace 3 años.
I’ve lived
in my current house for seven years. Vivo en mi
actual casa desde hace 7 años.
I’ve spoken
Spanish for ten years.
They’ve known each
other for several months.
They
haven’t seen each other for years.
I haven’t eaten for
eight hours.
I haven’t gone back
to France for four years.
We haven’t bought a
new car for twelve years.
I’ve lived here since
two thousand and six (2006).
I’ve known
since yesterday.
I’ve called
her every day since the summer.
I haven’t
seen her since Monday.
I haven’t
done anything since two o’clock.
I haven’t
played football since I was at University.
I’ve worked
here since I was twenty-six years old.
I haven’t
spoken to Anthony since I was five.
She hasn’t called me
since we had that argument.
I haven’t laughed so
much since that time you fell in the swimming pool.
She hasn’t had a
single cigarette since she gave up smoking five months ago.
I haven’t
watched television for three weeks.
She’s drunk
that brand of tea for years.
He’s been
here since two thousand and one.
I haven’t
seen her since I left my old company.
They’ve
worked in this business for years.
TO HAVE JUST
Acabar de hacer algo.
Another expression
which requires the use of the present perfect in English is the equivalent of “acabar de hacer algo”
I’ve just found a
mistake in the text.
They’ve just got
married.
I’ve just
had an idea.
We’ve just
opened an internet bank account.
She’s just gone into
the operating theatre. Entrar en el quirófano.
Gary’s just left the
office, I’m afraid. Lo siento pero Gary acaba…
I’ve just spoken to
her.
My boss has just
given me a raise (pay rise).
I’ve just sent out an
e-mail to all employees about the matter. Sobre el asunto
They’ve just decided
to come with us.
Real Madrid has just
scored!
I’ve just read your
letter.
We've just moved house.
Acabamos de mudarnos de casa.
I’ve just sold my old
car.
HAD
JUST.
(acababa)
“Had just” el pasado de “have just”; “I’ve just done something” (acabo de hacer algo) en pasado sería “I had just done something” (acababa
de hacer algo)
I had just finished organising everything when she told me she wasn’t coming. Acababa de organizarlo todo cuando ella me dijo que no venía
I had just
opened the front door when the phone rang. Acababa de
abrir la puerta de casa cuando sonó el teléfono.
We don’t
use to say “the door of my house” but “my front door”
The priest had just
finished his sermon when my brother woke up. El cura acababa
de finalizar su sermón cuando mi hermano se despertó
The match
had just started when it began to rain. El partido
acababa de empezar cuando se puso a llover.
When I arrived, they
told me that Paul had just left. Cuando llegué me dijeron
que Paul se acababa de marchar.
“Just”
se pronuncia “dyáast” bajando la mandíbula
I didn’t know you’d
just said the same thing. No sabía que acababas de decir la
misma cosa
I’d just opened up
your e-mail when the power went off. Acababa de abrir tu
correo cuando se fue la luz.
“La luz” en el sentido
del suministro eléctrico se dice “the power” y nunca “the light”
I’d just found out
when you call me. Acababa de enterarme cuando llamaste.
We’d just got out of
the car when the dog attacked my wife. Acabábamos de salir del
coche cuando el perro atacó a mi mujer.
They’d just left when
I realised they’d left their umbrella in the living
room. Acababan de irse cuando me di cuenta de que se habían
dejado su paraguas en el salón.
Varias formas de decir
“salón”; “living room” es universal mientras que “sitting room” y “lounge” sólo se
emplea en UK.
I wish!-¡OJALÁ!
La estructura verbal de
“I wish” es igual que la de los condicionales. Si tu
deseo es modificar el presente, exprésate en el pasado simple.
Exception
to the verb to be, always “were” as the second conditional.
I wish I had more
money!
I wish I
could speak German!
I wish I lived in a
bigger house!
I wish I
understood American television!
I wish I
could cook well!
I wish I
were taller!
I wish I
were fitter! ¡
¡Ójala estuviera en forma!
I wish I
were more patient!
Now, we
change the actually by opposite.
You’re
poor. I wish I were rich!
You’re fat.
I wish I were thin!
You’re old.
I wish I were young.
I have no
free time. I wish I had more free time!
You have a
small house.I wish I had a big house!
You know
nothing about English history.
I wish I
knew more about English history!
Negative
I wish I didn’t have
so many problems!
I wish I
didn’t have to work so many hours!
I wish I
didn’t speak French so badly!
I wish I
weren’t so silly!
Now, we
have to change the actually by the opposite in negative.
You have a
lot of work to do. I wish I didn’t have so much work!
You are the
expert on this matter. I wish I weren’t an expert on this matter!
You’re extremely gullible
(crédulo-cándido-pánfilo-creído)
I wish I
weren’t so gullible!
You have a
lot of friends. They’re always calling you and you never have any time to
yourself. I wish I didn’t have so many friends!
You have to
drive to work every day. I wish I didn’t have to drive to work every day!
“I wish” by “If only”
I wish I
were braver!
If only I were
braver!
I wish I
didn’t have to get up early every day!
If only I
didn’t have to get up early every day!
I wish I
didn’t live next to a cement factory!
If only I
didn’t live next to a cement factory!
DO YOU WISH + Subj. +
PAST TENSE TO FORM THE INFINITIVE VERB...?
¿Te gustaría
(ser-saber-hablar-tener)...?
Do you wish you were
stronger?
Do you wish you knew
more about computers?
Do you wish
you spoke Japanese?
Do you wish
you knew how to make cakes?
I wish I had a bigger
wardrobe?Guardaropa.
¡ÓJALA!: I WISH!-IF ONLY!
Are you
going to move house soon? I wish!
(mudar de casa)
Is your
boss going to retire soon? I wish!
Are you going to get
a pay rise soon? I wish!
DIFFERENT
WAYS TO SAY TO BE THINKING ABOUT
I’m thinking about
going to the cinema.
I’m thinking about
calling my friend.
I’m
thinking about changing my car.
Paul’s
thinking about going to France for a holiday.
They’re
thinking about going to Vienna for a holiday.
Diedre
isn’t thinking about in retiring yet.
I’m not
thinking about staying the night. Por la noche.
AFFIRMATIVE + NEGATIVE
I’m not thinking
about going.
I’m thinking about
not going.
He’s
thinking about not going to work tomorrow.
TO PLAN + INFINITIVE
VERB “TO”
I was
planning to get married under-water but my fiancée didn’t want to.
She’s planning to
reveal the news at the annual conference.
Are you planning to
do anything at weekend?
I’m not planning to
do anything.
Are you planning to
call him?
Are you planning to
tell him the truth?
THE IMPERATIVE
Look!
Get up!
To come back: volver
To go back: regresar.
What am I doing?
You’re getting up.
Now, tell me to sit
down. Sit down!
Dime que me siente
You’re welcome! De
nada!
Adverb
describes the verb; the boy is writing quickly.
Adjectives
become in adverbs, when we add end “ly” at the end of
the adjective that describes the verb.
THE
IMPERATIVE II
To put on (poner) – To take off (quitar-despegar)
– To put into (meter) – To take out of (sacar de) –
To back; put it back on (volver a ponerlo),
take it back out of… (vuelve
a sacarlo de…), put it back into (vuelve
a meterlo)
Tell me to take off
my watch. Take off your watch.
What am I doing?
You’re taking off your watch.
Now, tell me to put
it into my pocket. Put it into your pocket.
What am I doing?
You’re putting it into your pocket.
You’re taking it out
of your pocket.
Now, tell me to take
it out of my pocket. Take it out of your pocket.
What am I doing?
I’m taking it out of
my pocket.
Now, tell me to put
my watch back on.
Put your watch back
on, please.
What am I doing? I’m
putting my watch back on.
Take off your ring
please. What are you doing?
I’m taking off my
ring.
Now, put it into your
bag please. What are you doing?
I’m putting it into
my bag.
Take it out of your
bag please. What are you doing?
I’m taking it out of
my bag.
Put your ring back on
please.
Thank you!
You’re welcome.
THE
IMPERATIVE III
To pick up (coger, recoger) – To hold (sujetar, sostener) – To touch (tocar) – To shake hands (dar la mano).
Tell me to pick up my
papers!
Pick up your papers
please!
What am I doing?
You’re picking up your papers.
Tell me to hold your
mobile!
Hold me mobile
please!
What am I doing?
You’re holding me mobile
Tell me to touch me
nose!
Touch your nose
please!
You’re touching your
nose
Tell me to shake
hands with you!
Shake hands with me,
please!
What am I doing?
You’re shaking hands with me
Tell me to tell you
to pick up your mobile!
Pick up your mobile
please!
What are
you doing?
You’re picking up your
mobile
Tell me to tell you
to hold this pen!
Tell me to hold that
pen
Hold this pen please!
What are you doing?
I’m holding this pen
NUMBERS
The use of
“And”
Después o entre las
centenas y decenas o entre las centenas y unidades.
175,000 - 275,000 - 375,000
- 475,000 - 2,434 – 308 - 243,000 - 86,200 -951,000 - 32,800 - 873,000 - 457.500
- 263,800 - 656,500
DO YOU
HAVE…?
Do you have any
friend? Yes, I do.
Do you have any
water? Do you have any ice for my drink? No, I don’t.
Do you have a dog?
Yes, I do.
Do you have a million
dollars? No, I don’t.
Do I have a green
bicycle? No, you don’t.
Do you have a picture
on your wall? Yes, I do.
Do you have a cat? Do
you have a horse?
Do you have any books
by Cervantes?
Do you have any milk
in your fridge?
Do you have an alarm
in your bedroom?
Do I have any books
in my bedroom?
Do I have a glass of
water next to my bed?
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Muchas
palabras de tres letras cómo por ejp, “man”, “sit”, “con”, “tap”, “can” cuando añadimos al final una “e”, cambia el
sonido de vocal a diptongo.
Mane (melena)
<mein>
Site (lugar) <sait>
Cone (cono) <coun>
Tape (cinta) <teip>
Cane (bastón) <kein>
Therefore
the pronunciation of “mine” is <main>. Por lo tanto…
Mine – yours – his –
hers – ours – yours – theirs.
That’s mine. Those
are his. This is theirs. Those are ours. This isn’t hers.
Those aren’t his. Is
this yours? Are those ours?
HAVE TO
Obligation
and absence of obligation in negative
We don’t say “to be
concentrated”. We say “to be concentrating”
To have
to; tener o deber
(obligation). En afirmativo, obligaciones incontestables que imponen
leyes, hechos o situaciones.
You have to go. You have
to jump. We have to study. You have to wear car.
I have to
buy some milk.
I have to pick my
mother, up from the airport or I have to pick up my mother from the airport.
I have to
go to work early tomorrow morning.
She has to
give a presentation in English tomorrow morning. Tiene
que hacer…
He has to
do a lot of paperwork this week. Papeleo…
I have to
make a decision this week. Tomar…
Todo tipo de
contracciones deben ir fuera cuando “have” significa
“tener”.
He had to
pay a
big fine. una multa importante; we don´t use
important.
I had to
lend her my jumper. Que dejarle el jersey.
Don’t forget you have
to post that letter. Que tienes que enviar…
To send a letter;
enviar una carta.
To post a letter; echar al correo
una carta.
We have to be at the airport
by five o’clock. Cómo muy tarde “by”
I’ve never had to
give a presentation in English. Que hacer…
He has to go to New
York tomorrow.
Don’t forget you have
to call him before eight o’clock. Que debes…
She’s happy
because she doesn’t have to go to the meeting.
We didn’t
have to do it in the end.
They didn’t have to
pay extra in the end. Pagar más…
I didn’t
have to make a speech in the end. Que dar…
She doesn’t
have to cook on Mondays.
I haven’t
had to use my French since 2001.
She hasn’t
had to go to Barcelona for three months.
You don’t have to
come because it’s not necessary.
You mustn’t come
because it’s forbidden.
Do you have
to get up early tomorrow?
Does he
have to use English every day at work?
Do I have
to do it?
Did they have to ask
for a mortgage to buy the house? Pedir…
Do we have
to bring anything special?
Do you have to make
that noise? Hacer…
MUST –
SUBJECTIVE OBLIGATION
Today we’re to carry
on looking at obligations. “Must” which we use when we’re
talking about a subjective obligation, an obligation which we impose on
ourselves because somebody says so. E.g. “you must get your hair cut”.
You don’t have to get your hair cut, nobody is forcing you but I’m saying you
must get your hair cut. I.E.,”Es una obligación consigo mismo; si es que puedo o quiero hacerlo”
I must buy myself a
couple of shirts.
You must see that
film; it’s great!
I must tidy my desk;
it’s right mess. Muy desordenada
You must make more of
an effort with your English!
My optician says I
must wear glasses for reading. Mi oculista…llevar
Speaking English just
got easier. Ahora es más fácil
I must remember to
phone my mother tomorrow
You must come and see
us when you’re in Spain.
He must do something
about his dog.
We must get together
during the holidays.
I had to get my hair
cut because it looked awful.
I had to call my
father because he was at home by himself…alone
You mustn’t step on
the grass or you mustn’t tread on the grass.
I mustn’t
forget to do my tax return.
You mustn’t
argue with your English teacher.
You mustn’t forget to
put your seatbelt on.
You mustn’t enter
that building after seven o’clock.
You mustn’t tell him
yet.
I mustn’t forget.
You don’t have to be
there early to get the tickets.
You don’t
have to kill yourself to get promoted. Para que
te asciendan
You don’t
have to go crazy to lose weight.
You don’t
have to make a speech at the conference.
MUST -
LOGICAL CONCLUSION
I tell you I haven’t
eaten for three days.
You must be very
hungry!
You must be starving!
Muerto de hambre
You must be famished!
Muerto de hambre
Stephen arrived at
the party by helicopter
He must be loaded! Cargado de dinero
He must be filthy
rich! Asquerosamente rico
He must be swimming
in money!
I tell you I haven’t
slept for 48 hours.
You must be very
tired!
You must be
exhausted!
You must be whacked! golpeado
You must be smashed! Destruido
You must be shutted!
You must be beat!
You must be bushed! Agotado
You must be
knackered! Hecho polvo
Sally and Jason
aren’t answering their phone at home.
They must be out!
Jennifer goes to mass
every Sunday.
She must be very
religious!
Negative logical
conclusion “Can’t”. No debes…!
I’ve just eaten a
three-course meal and say that I’m hungry. 3 platos de comida
You can’t be hungry!
I’ve slept for 16
hours and say that I’m tired.
You can’t be tired!
I talk about my
cousin who has worked as an unpublished writer for 15 years.
He can’t
be good! Ha trabajado cómo escritor inédito…
MUST HAVE
- LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST
Logical
conclusions: Must have + participle.
When we draw conclusions
So what conclusion do
you reach about Napoleon stature? <sstacha>
He must have been
short.
You must have been
freezing. Debes haber pasado frío
You must have been
terrified. Debes haber pasado miedo
He must have been
fat. Debe haber
estado gordo
They must have got
lost. Se deben de haber Perdido
IN THE NEGATIVE
They can’t have
beaten Valencia. No pueden haber vencido al Valencia
You can’t have lost
your car. No puedes haber perdido
It can’t have been
that bad. No puede haber sido tan horrible
He can’t have said
that! No puede haber dicho eso
YET
“Yet”
<iyét> means
“todavía”, va al final de las frases interrog. y negat. Para oraciones en afirmativo se utiliza “Still”.
Have you told them
yet? No, I haven’t told them yet.
Has she
made lunch yet? No, she hasn’t made lunch.
Has it
rained this year yet? No, it hasn’t rained yet.
Have they
finished the match yet? No, they haven’t finish the
match yet.
Are you
ready yet? No, I’m not ready yet.
Is it nine
o’clock yet? No, it isn’t nine o’clock yet.
Have you
finished university yet? No, I haven’t finished university yet.
Has it
happened yet? No, it hasn’t happened yet.
Has she
read the book yet? No, she hasn’t read the book yet.
Have they
got married yet? No, they haven’t got married yet.
Have they set a date
for the wedding yet? No, they haven’t.
To set a date: fijar una fecha.
Has she
bought a dress yet? No, she hasn’t.
Has she
chosen the ring yet? No, she hasn’t the ring yet.
No, I haven’t talked
to her yet. Have you talked to her yet?
No, they haven’t
decided yet. Have they decided yet?
No, we haven’t
changed the design yet. Have you changed the design
yet?
No, she hasn’t given
up smoking yet. Has she given up smoking yet?
No, I
haven’t read the report yet. Have you read the report yet?
No, he hasn’t
asked me to marry him yet. Has he asked you to marry him yet?
No, they
haven’t stopped yet. Have they stopped yet?
No, I haven’t read
the small print yet. Have you read the small print yet?
STILL,
YET, ALREADY, ANY MORE
Afirmativo e interrogativo “todavía” se
formula “still”. Negativas “Yet”; “Haven’t you
understood what I’m getting at yet?” ¿Todavía no has
comprendido lo que quiero decir?
“Already
(ya)”; solo en afirmativo y para el resto “yet”
“Any
more” (ya no); lógicamente solo para el negative.
I still need to see
that report. Todavía tengo que..
(“Still”
va delante de los verbos no auxiliaries)
Have you told her
yet?
Why haven’t you
changed the light bulbs yet? …las bombillas todavía?
They’ve already left. Ya se han marchado. (Detrás de v.auxiliares
y “to be”)
I don’t
live there any more. Ya no
vivo allí
I’ve already been
robbed twice this year. Me han
robado…
We still
live in the centre
Are they still
married?
Is it time
for the match yet? ¿Es la hora del…ya?
She didn’t love him any more. Ya no le quería
The tickets are
already sold out. Los billetes ya se han agotado
It doesn’t work any more. Ya no funciona
Hasn’t she
forgiven him yet? ¿Todavía no le ha perdonado?
It’s still hot
outside. Todavía hace calor fuera
I’ve already
explained this to you once. (Explain to)
ALREADY
“Already” means “ya” but in the context of an affirmative statement (una declaración afirmativa). “Already” goes just before a normal behaving
verb or non auxiliary verb but it goes after
auxiliary verbs.
I already speak four
languages.
I’ve already seen the
film
They’ve already
brushed their teeth. Ya se han cepillado los dientes
He’s
already spoken to me about the matter. Él ya...del
tema o asunto
I’ve already made the
booking. Ya he hecho la
reserve
I’ve
already told you. Ya te lo he dicho
I’m already excited
about the idea. Ya estoy ilusionado con la idea
They’ve already been
to Germany. Ya han ido a Alemania.
He already
speaks five languages fluently. Él ya
habla…con soltura
I already know the
answer.
Cuando “ya” es “now”
“Already” siempre se refiere a algo que ya se ha hecho. Por
lo tanto cuando empleamos “ya” referiéndonos
al presente empleamos “now” y para el futuro
inminente “in a bit” “in a while”
I’m coming now. Ya voy
I’ll send it to you
in a bit. Ya te lo envío.
STILL
Todavía: when we
using it in the context of a negative sentence or in the context of the
question, where add us “yet” go or we add at the end.
Today we’re going to
look at the equivalent “todavía” in an affirmative
context. It doesn’t go at the end of the sentence. It’s going in front of
normal verbs non auxiliary verbs, and after auxiliary verbs including the verb
“to be”. “Still” goes between the subject and the verb.
I still have all my
teeth.
I still like
seventies music.
She still
loves me
She still
lives in same village.
We still go
to church on Sundays.
Lucy still makes
delicious cakes or Lucy still makes scrumptious cakes.
<ssscruamsháas> colloquially
“scrummy” <ssscruammy>
I still make mistakes
with my English. We don’t say “commit mistakes”
AFTER AUXILIARY VERBS
INCLUNDING “TO BE”
She can still sing
like an angel.
They are still angry
about it.
Si la frase
comienza con “still” significa “de todos modos”
He’s still
in love with her. Enamorado de ella.
We’re still waiting
for an answer.
He’s still thinking
about it.
Jamie and Gina are
still trying to sell their house.
I’m still having
problems with my internet connection.
Mark still works with
her.
Mark is
still her boss.
She still
likes Mark.
Mark is
still happy with Paula’s work.
ANY MORE –
YA NO
“Any more” goes at
the end of the negative sentences.
I don’t play sport
any more. Ya no practico deporte
I don’t go to school
any more. Ya no voy al colegio
I don’t
believe in perfection any more. Ya no creo en la perfección
“Perfection” es un concepto abstracto por eso que no lleva art.determinado
I don’t live in
England any more. Ya no vivo en…
I don’t smoke any
more. Ya no fumo
You can’t trust her
any more. Ya no te puedes fiar de ella.
I’m not unemployed
any more. Ya no estoy desempleado
My father shouldn’t
drive any more….ya no debería…
My telephone doesn’t
work any more….ya no funciona
NO LONGER (Ya no), synonyms “any more”
“No longer” goes just
before a normal behaving verb or non auxiliary verb
but it goes after auxiliary verbs “I’m no longer young”.
I no longer consider
him a viable candidate. <nou>
<lónga> <considiihim>
Yo ya no lo considero…(“lo” C.D.)
I no longer
have to get up early. Ya no me tengo que levantar temprano
I no longer eat meat.
Ya no como carne
It’s no longer important.
Ya no tiene importancia
“Tener importancia”
decimos en inglés “ser importante”
I’m no
longer bored at work. Ya no estoy aburrido en el trabajo
“To
stay up late” quedarse levantado a las tantas dentro
de casa.
I can no longer stay
out late. Ya no puedo quedarme por ahí hasta las tantas.
TO HAVE
YET TO…(Todavía/Aún no…).
“To have yet to do
it” means; not to have done something yet; not getting around to doing it (no ponerse a hacerlo).
La lógica del
significado “todavía no” está en que “yet” que sólo
va en frases negativas e interrogativas, por lo tanto cuando va en oraciones
afirmativas funciona como la negación del verbo.
I have yet to be
convinced. Todavía no estoy
convencido
They have yet to sign
the agreement. Todavía no han firmado el acuerdo
I haven’t met anyone
yet who knows this business better than I do.
I’ve yet to meet
someone who knows this business better than I do.
He hasn’t revealed
his hand yet.
He’s yet to reveal
his hand
The conservative
party hasn’t presented its election manifesto yet.
The conservative
party has yet to present its election manifesto. El partido
conservador todavía no ha presentado su programa electoral
The PM hasn’t made
a statement yet. El primier ministro…
The PM has yet to
make a statement….todavía no ha hecho
una declaración
MPs haven’t voted on
the matter yet. Los diputados…(Members of Parlament)
MPs have yet
to vote on the matter….todavía no han votado
sobre el asunto
“YET” o “AND YET”, que resulta
aún más enfático y suele seguirle una pausa.
“NO OBSTANTE, SIN
EMBARGO o PERO” al principio de una oración.
I want to tell her,
yet I never seem to find the right moment…pero parece que nunca…
He was very
convincing, and yet there was something about him I didn’t like.
YET MORE
OR YET FURTHER. AÚN MÁS.
“Yet more”
o “yet futher”. Se forma más bien en artículos de periódicos. No es algo que
se diga mucho.
We experienced yet
more problems when we went through customs. Experimentamos aún más problemas
cuando pasamos la aduana
Yet more questions
need to be answered. Aún tiene que contestar más preguntas
Yet more homes had to
be evacuated last night on account of the foods. <evacueitit> (because of, Due to). Aún más hogares tuvieron que ser evacuados por las
inundaciones.
Yet more delays are
expected. Aún se esperan más demoras
La estructura
“yet further”<iyet fedar>claro está que te
la puedes encontrar
The strikers made yet
further demands on the factory owners. Los huelguistas
exigieron aún más a los dueños de la fábrica.
Dos formas de exigir; ”to make demands on someone” or “to demand”
The authorities made
yet further excuses today. …dieron aún más…
<oufzoritis>
There were yet
further problems in store for Alonso as he entered the pit lane.
Aún había más
problemas…cuando entró en el carril de boxes.
The Government has
made yet further tax cuts….aún más
recortes fiscales
“YET AGAIN” muestra
nuestra euforia o enfado.
I’ve failed my driving text yet again. He suspendido..una vez
más.
To fail <feiiol> fracasar
We’ve lost yet again.
Nos hemos perdido una vez más.
Yet again is time to
do our tax return. Una vez más toca hacer la renta
I’ve fallen
in love yet again. Me he enamorado una vez más
You’ve got the wrong
number yet again! ¡Te has equivocado de …una vez
más!
I
wish!-¡OJALÁ!. PLUPERF SUBJ
Seize the
day! Aprovecha el día!
Affirmative
I wish I had known!
I wish I
had told her!
I wish I had studied
harder at university!
Contractions;
I wish I’d stopped smoking before!
I wish I’d
gone to the party!
I wish I’d remembered
to renew my passport!
“Renovate” it’s not
used to refer to documents.
You had very little
money when you were a student.
I wish I had had more
money when I was a student!
You didn’t
ever see Zidane play to Real Madrid.
I wish I
had seen Zidane play to Real Madrid!
You didn’t
sell your car last year and now it doesn’t work.
I wish I
had sold my car last year!
Contractions
Flats were quite
cheap ten years ago but you didn’t buy one.
I wish I’d bought a
flat ten years ago!
You didn’t buy
tickets to see the Stones in concert.
I wish I’d bought
tickets to see the Stones in concert.
Negative
I wish I hadn’t told
them!
I wish I
hadn’t gone there!
I wish I
hadn’t been so impatient!
I wish I
hadn’t done that! <dáan>
I wish I hadn’t parked
my car by the river! Al lado del
río
I wish you had warned
me!
I wish they hadn’t
sent the letter!
I wish it
hadn’t rained for the wedding! En la boda!
I wish she
hadn’t gone!
I wish the
weather had been better! ¡Ojalá hubiese hecho mejor tiempo!
IF ONLY
If only she´d sent it
on time!
If only
they hadn´t done that!
If only it
had worked!
DO YOU WISH + S + HAD…?
¿TE HABRÍA GUSTADO HABER ó (Imperf.Subj.)…?
Do you wish you had
done something in?
Do you wish you had realised? ¿Te habría gustado haberte dado
cuenta?
Do you wish you’d
been there? ¿…haber estado allí?
Do you wish you’d
seen her face? ¿…que haberas
visto…?
Do you wish
he’d been in charge? ¿…que hubiese estado al mando?
I WISH YOU
WOULD
I wish you would do
this!
I wish she would
stop!
I wish you would
shout up!
I wish she would stop
shouting!
I wish you would
hurry up!
I wish she would
leave me alone!
I wish they
would turn the music down! Bajaran el volume…
“I wish I
would…” Mistake; never, ever, ever, ever, when we’re referring to ourselves.
I wish you’d make an
effort!
I wish he’d help!
I wish he’d stop
doing that!
I wish she’d be a bit
nicer!
La traducción de “un
poco” seguido de un adjetivo suele ser “a bit” y no
“a
little”.
I wish you wouldn’t
make that noise with your teeth!
I wish she wouldn’t
complain so much!
it's enough
anger for the time being
TO LOOK
LIKE SOMEONE
John looks like his
father.
Everyone
says I look like my brother.
I don’t
think I look like my mother.
Henry looks just like
his twin brother.
Too, we
could say; Henry and his twin brother look alike
She looks
like her sister.
My
grandfather looked like Napoleon.
My neighbour looks like George Cloony.
NOT LOOK ANYTHING
LIKE… (no se parece en
absolute)
I don’t
look anything like Kevin Costner!
Sarah doesn’t
look anything like her cousin.
You don’t look
anything like your father.
TO LOOK
+ ADJECTIVE.
To look tired. -To
look happy
Do you look tired!
That looks
interesting.
He doesn’t look very
happy, does he?
Do you look fed up!
That looks
difficult.
TO LOOK LIKE + SUBJECT
+ VERB.
You look like you…(parece que
tú…)
He looks
like he…(parece que ella…)
They look
like they…(parece que ellos…)
You look like you’ve
had enough.
She looks
like she doesn’t want to be here.
The man
looked like he didn’t know what he was talking about.
She doesn’t
look like she agrees.
They look like
they’re bored.
You look like you’ve
been dragged through a hedge backwards!
PRESENT
SIMPLE IN AFFIRMATIVE
PRESENT
SIMPLE IN NEGATIVE
PRESENT
SIMPLE IN INTERROGATIVE
TO HOPE-TO
WAIT-TO EXPECT
ESPERAR
I hope, you don’t expect me to wait for you. Espero, que no esperes que te…
To hope: en sentido esperanzador.
I hope (that) I can
go to the party.
I hope (that) I win
the lottery.
I hope I remember her
name.
I hope don’t have to
speak Spanish at the meeting.
I hope she won’t be
offended. (No se haya). No esté ofendida<joup>
I hope the weather’s
nice tomorrow. Haga buen tiempo..
I hope there isn't a
problem. No haya problema
I hope you haven’t
had any problem. No hayas tenido problemas
To wait: esperar en sentido
literal <ueit>
I’m waiting for the
bus
I waited three hours
for the train.
He waited all
afternoon to get a ticket.
Can you wait for a
minute? Or; Will you wait for me a minute?
HAPPEN TO DO…
DA LA CASUALIDAD DE QUE…
Ó
POR CASUALIDAD…
I happened to be at
the airport when the king arrived.
Dio la casualidad de
que…ó Estaba por casualidad…
He happened to give
me some very useful information.
Dio la casualidad de que..ó Me dio por casualidad…
They happen to have a
very nice Rolls Royce you could hire.
Da la casualidad de que…ó Tienen por casualidad un RR que podrías alquilar
I happen to know that
she is going to leave him. Sé por
casualidad…
She happens to
disagree with you.
Da la casualidad de que
no está de acuerdo contigo
Interrogative: You
wouldn’t happen to…(por casualidad no + cond ¿verdad?)
You wouldn’t happen
to know what time it is, would you? Por casualidad no sabrías que hora es, ¿verdad?
You wouldn’t happen
to have a light, would you?
Por casualidad no
tendrías fuego?…¿verdad?
You wouldn’t happen
to speak Italian, would you?
Excuse me; you
wouldn’t happen to know where the station is, would you?
You wouldn’t happen
to have five minutes, would you?
Por casualidad no
tendrías 5’ ¿verdad?
